Influence of allochthonous input on autotrophic–heterotrophic switch-over in shallow waters of a tropical estuary (Cochin Estuary), India     

Shoji D. Thottathil  K.K. Balachandran  G.V.M. Gupta  N.V. Madhu  Shanta Nair 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Bacterial productivity (BP) and respiration (BR) were examined in relation to primary productivity (PP) for the first time in a shallow tropical ecosystem (Cochin Estuary), India. The degree of dependence of BP (6.3–199.7 μg C L⁻¹ d⁻¹) and BR (6.6–430.4 μg C L⁻¹ d⁻¹) on PP (2.1–608.0 μg C L⁻¹ d⁻¹) was found to be extremely weak. The BP/PP (0.05–8.5) and PP/BR (0.02–7.9) ratios widely varied in the estuary depending on the season and location. There was a seasonal shift in net pelagic production from autotrophy to heterotrophy due to terrestrial organic matter input through rivers which enhanced the bacterial heterotrophic activity and very high pCO₂ (106–6001 μatm) levels. The heterotrophic zones were characterized by low PP but high bacterial production and respiration leading to oxygen undersaturation and exceptionally high pCO₂. We propose that the CO₂ supersaturation caused by increased bacterial respiration (in excess of PP) was a result of bacterial degradation of allochthonous organic matter. This indicates that sources other than planktonic compartment need to be explored to understand the C-cycling in this estuary. These results are of particular relevance to tropical ecosystems in general, where the bulk of world's river discharges occur.  相似文献   

Feeding of Aurelia sp. (Scyphozoa) and links to the microbial food web     

Valentina Turk  Davor Lučić  Vesna Flander‐Putrle  Alenka Malej 《Marine Ecology》2008,29(4):495-505

The impact of the scyphomedusa Aurelia sp. on planktonic assemblages was experimentally studied in enclosures incubated in situ in the sea lake of Mljet Island (Big Lake, Southern Adriatic), where jellyfish are present throughout the year. In situ feeding experiments using plankton at natural densities indicated a reduction in abundance for small calanoid and cyclopoid copepods, copepodites, nauplii and ciliates in the presence of Aurelia sp. In addition to direct predatory pressure, Aurelia sp. exerted an indirect cascading effect on autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial plankton. Phytoplankton biomass increases of up to 0.5 μg C·l^?1·h^?1 were mainly related to 19′‐hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin‐ and 19′‐butanoyloxyfucoxanthin‐containing phytoplankton. Bacterial production was about twice as high in the presence of Aurelia sp. and biomass was also consistently higher. It appears that the top‐down effect of predation along with material release by Aurelia sp. results in increases in microbial biomass and production.  相似文献   

物元理论在危岩滑坡灾害社会经济易损性评价中的应用     

曾群华  郭跃  赵纯勇 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2004,15(3):111-115,148

文章分析了物元概念的可拓性。以万州为例,应用物元理论分析说明危岩、滑坡灾害的社会经济易损性具有发散性、可扩性、相关性和共扼性特点。进行区域易损性评价的基本目标是获取各种易损性参数,为滑坡灾害破坏损失评价提供基本资料。根据万州50a来的灾害统计资料,选取了灾害密度、灾害频数、经济(GDP)损失模数、生命损失模数等易损性评价指标,对该区的脆弱性和易损强度进行了综合评估,计算出其易损度。根据这些数据．提出用物元可拓集理论构造各易损程度指标等级标准的物元矩阵和待识别对象与各指标的关联度,根据关联度大小判断综合易损度(CVD)与计算结果相符合。最后提出减灾工作应在传统理论研究的基础上,应用物元理论采用可拓学方法,提出区域易损性分析、评估的简单思路,以期为滑坡区域防灾、减灾规划提供新的理论和方法依据。  相似文献   

GRAPES模式软件框架与实现   总被引：16，自引：10，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

伍湘君金之雁  黄丽萍陈德辉 《应用气象学报》2005,16(4):539-546

GRAPES (Global and Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System) 是中国气象科学研究院数值预报研究中心自主开发的新一代静力/非静力多尺度通用数值预报模式。该模式采用标准化、模块化软件体系结构, 并严格按照软件工程要求完成系统开发, 包括程序的并行计算。初步试算结果表明:GRAPES模式软件框架的设计和实现符合模式发展的要求, 为中国数值天气预报系统的可持续发展奠定了良好的基础。  相似文献   

Depth-related distribution of bacterial community in sediments of eutrophic Guanting reservoir   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

QU Jianhang  YUAN Hongli  HUANG Huaizeng  WANG Entao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z2)

In this study, DNAs were extracted from sediment samples at depths of 5, 35, and 69 cm from eutrophic Guanting reservoir, China. 16S rDNAs were amplified by PCR and clone libraries were constructed. The depth-related distribution of bacterial community in the sediment was characterized by using amplified 16S rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and sequencing of the dominant clones. The results indicated that species diversity in the sediment of Guanting reservoir was rather high with the Shannon-Wiener index about 5.8. Bacterial richness varied in different depths: the highest in the sample of 35 cm in depth; followed by the sample of 5 cm in depth; and the lowest bacterial richness in the sample of 69 cm. Dominant species from the three samples were different although there were some common clones. PhyIogenetic analysis showed that all of the dominant clones in the three layers were uncultured bacteria and distantly related to the previously reported species in beta or gamma subclass of proteobacteria, including bacterial groups that have the ability to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons, n-all:anes, chlorinated organic compounds, or to accumulate polyphosphate, etc. Changes of deptt-related bacterial community in the Guanting reservoir sediment might reflect the pollution history and the water quality of the reservoir. In addition, the cloned sequences from the Guanting reservoir sediment were all different from the presently reported ones, indicating that there were some particular bacteria in that environment.  相似文献   

新疆塔里木河下游物种多样性变化与地下水位的关系   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

陈亚宁  张宏锋  李卫红  陈亚鹏 《地球科学进展》2005,20(2):158-165

根据塔里木河下游9个断面40眼地下水位观测井和8个植物样地野外采集的数据，运用物种多样性指数对塔里木河下游物种多样性与地下水位变化进行了分析计算。研究表明，塔里木河下游物种多样性与地下水位变化有着密切的关系，地下水位对物种多样性的变化起着主导作用。塔里木河下游浅层地下水位埋深较大，并且表现为由上游段至下游段逐渐加深这样一个明显的递减变化。塔里木河下游物种多样性指数较低，Shannon Weiner指数和Simpon指数分别变化在1.93~0.53之间和0.82~0.35之间；随着由上游段至下游段地下水位埋深的加大，塔里木河下游植物种类减少、群落结构简单、物种多样性指数和丰富度指数呈明显降低的态势。反映了干旱区水分胁迫对生态系统的强烈影响。  相似文献   

Unique recovery stage of reef communities after F/F event in a huge coral reef of Carboniferous, Southern Guizhou,China   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

GONG Enpu  YANG Hongying  GUAN Changqing  SUN Baoliang & YAO Yuzeng Department of Geology  Northeastern University  Shenyang  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(5)

Carboniferous is a global recession period of reef-building. There were fewer reefs at that times due to massive extinction and the great glacial catastrophe in the southern hemisphere in Frasnian/Famennian[1]. So far, however, most of the researches concerning Carboniferous reefs have been limited, which leads to insufficient knowledge regarding the composition, structure, ecological characteristics of reef-building communities, the reef growth models, etc. Interna-tional studies conducted o…  相似文献   

三江平原湿地毛果苔草群落的演替特征   总被引：15，自引：6，他引：15  

汲玉河  吕宪国  杨青  赵魁义 《湿地科学》2004,2(2):139-144

为了说明三江平原湿地植物物种多样性近30年的演替特征，选择三江平原湿地中分布最广泛的毛果苔草群落为研究对象，进行了广泛的野外样方调查。研究发现毛果苔草群落的物种丰富度呈明显减少趋势。毛果苔草的平均高度减少了约为18cm。Drude多度级几乎降低了一个级别。物种构成发生了重大改变，物种重要值≥0．3的一些优势物种的重要性降低，物种重要值≥0．2的物种数目明显减少。群落演替处于快速衰落阶段，退化迹象十分明显。而水量的减少是导致毛果苔草群落快速退化的主要的因素。  相似文献   

Economic Revitalization: Cases and Strategies for City and Suburb     

《The Professional geographer》2004,56(3):442-443

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TENDING CULTURAL LANDSCAPES AND FOOD CITIZENSHIP IN TORONTO'S COMMUNITY GARDENS*     

LAUREN E. BAKER 《Geographical review》2004,94(3):305-325

ABSTRACT. Scattered throughout the city of Toronto are more than no community gardens, sites of place‐based politics connected to the community food‐security movement. The gardens, spaces where passions for plants and food are shared, reflect the city's shifting cultural landscape and represent an everyday activity that is imbued with multiple meanings. Toronto's community food‐security movement uses gardens as one strategy to regenerate the local food system and provide access to healthy, affordable food. Three garden case studies expand on the complexities of “food citizenship,” illustrating the importance of that concept to notions of food security. The gardens reveal the role gardeners play in transforming urban spaces, the complex network of organizations working cooperatively and in partnership to implement these projects, and the way in which social and cultural pluralism are shaping the urban landscape.  相似文献